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大发彩票2023-11-25

中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

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广西:用好“周转池” 编制活起来******

  广西建立编制周转机制,解决中小学教职工缺编难题——

  用好“周转池” 编制活起来

  近日,广西北海市建立全市中小学教职工编制“周转池”,形成“全市一体、余缺调剂、精准投放”的中小学教职工编制管理机制。目前,通过“周转池”共为市本级、海城区和银海区补充了264个中小学教职工周转编制,有效化解了编制闲置和编制不足的结构性矛盾。

  针对广西中小学教师编制保障历史欠账较多的困境,按照广西党委编委的部署,党委编办会同教育、财政、人社等部门制定出台了《建立编制“周转池”制度推动中小学教职工编制全面达到国家标准的实施方案》,依托大数据管理手段在全区范围内统筹近6万个事业编制,在秋季开学前全部投放到各地中小学,实现区、市、县全面达标,历史性解决中小学教职工缺编问题。

  “大数据”统筹建“周转池”

  南宁市流动人口随迁子女人数多,“入学难”一直是群众反映较集中的焦点问题。为破解这一难题,“十三五”时期,南宁市共建成投入使用公办中小学105所,但编制紧缺问题依然难以解决。

  2020年,南宁市委编办通过回收调剂事业单位空编、核定“聘用教师控制数”等方式,为全市中小学增核了7000多个编制控制数。2021年,南宁市把破解中小学教职工编制紧缺问题作为缓解“入学难”问题的着眼点和着力点,核查中小学事业编制缺口,抓住广西党委编办探索建立编制“周转池”的有利时机,争取到9977个中小学教职工周转编制。

  今年9月,南宁市将9977个中小学教职工周转编制全部下达到市本级中小学和县(市、区),“入学难”问题得到进一步缓解。

  广西在不改变各级各事业单位编制数的前提下,把“沉淀”的空编“使用权”汇集起来,调剂用于基础教育领域,有效解决了“无米下锅”的问题。

  “区、市、县”联动整体调控

  2021年,柳州市建立中小学教职工编制“周转池”制度,并将4394个“周转池”事业编制全部投放至全市各级中小学,专用于中小学教师用编保障。

  2021年,在柳州高中—柳城中学教共体开展“市招县用”编制管理改革试点,从柳城县统筹10个教师编制,由市委编委按照有关规定核定给柳州高中使用,柳高派出10名优秀骨干教师到柳城中学支教帮扶,形成“组团式”长效合作,达到整体帮扶提升、互惠共赢效果。

  广西根据全区各地在校学生总量变化情况,探索中小学编制实行“基础编+周转编”管理模式,每2—3年重新核定编制并回收和重新分配周转编制。市、县建立灵活的用编用人调配机制,按学年动态调整周转编制配备,推动“县管校聘”管理改革,优化区域内编制资源和师资力量均衡配置。

  柳州市创设教师“市招县用”新模式。在蓄满编制总“周转池”的同时,广西采取“区、市、县”三级联动管理,由单一“周转池”联通为“周转池”网络,做到自治区层面整体调控,各市、县分级下达使用,精确调节分配到校,形成“全区一体、余缺调剂、周转使用”的中小学教职工编制管理新机制。

  全程跟踪让周转编制“放得出、收得回、转得动”

  梧州市一所高中因学科可持续发展的需要,要引进3名“双一流”人才,但学校核定编制已满编,无法引进,便向编制“周转池”提出申请。教育行政部门按照“基础编+周转编”的管理模式,批准该校“借走”3个周转编制使用,等该校有空余编制时再归还,解决了因事业编制紧缺制约教师队伍发展的问题,打通了学校高层次人才引进的堵点。

  周转编制的“生命力”在于周转,广西对周转编制实行从“放出”到“收回”再到“轮转”的全过程跟踪调控,确保周转编制“放得出、收得回、转得动”,为“周转池”配上灵活的调配“阀门”。

  同时,明确中小学教职工周转编制专编专用,不得挪作他用,中小学只有在核定的事业编制满编或超编情况下,才能申请使用周转编制。使用周转编制的中小学事业编制出现空编后,使用周转编制的人员即转为使用核定的事业编制,通过强化规范管理,确保周转编制“放得出”。

  为提高编制使用效率,当已使用周转编制的中小学出现空编时,系统会自动预警,自动收回所分配的周转编制,返回到“周转池”中,确保“周转池”有充足的编制存量供全区中小学循环使用,依托技术创新确保周转编制“收得回”。周转编制的使用由市、县(市、区)教育主管部门提出意见,同级党委编办对周转编制的使用进行实时监测、实时预警、效益分析,在分配的限额内实施精准调剂,人力资源社会保障部门依据分配到校的周转编制指导教育主管部门和学校动态调整岗位设置,确保周转编制“转得动”。(本报记者 周仕敏)

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